Vaccinations are one of our greatest public health successes to date, averting 2-3 million child deaths every year. They are one of the most cost-effective and evidence-based medical interventions available, and have caused a huge reduction in the global burden of infectious diseases. On top of this, vaccines bring social and economic benefits at both an individual and societal level. These include saving the costs of medical treatment and averting income or productivity losses, as well as avoiding the suffering of family and friends. There is also evidence of associations between vaccination and childhood developmental and educational outcomes, as well as broader evidence linking improved public health with lifelong productivity benefits and macroeconomic gains. Experts estimate that every $1 invested in expanding immunisation returns $60 in social, economic and environmental benefits.